diff --git a/vm/src/builtins/set.rs b/vm/src/builtins/set.rs
index 97600b9cdc..b41a7a1c21 100644
--- a/vm/src/builtins/set.rs
+++ b/vm/src/builtins/set.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ pub type SetContentType = dictdatatype::Dict<()>;
 pub struct PySet {
     pub(super) inner: PySetInner,
 }
-pub type PySetRef = PyRef<PySet>;
 
 /// frozenset() -> empty frozenset object
 /// frozenset(iterable) -> frozenset object
@@ -403,6 +402,14 @@ macro_rules! multi_args_set {
     }};
 }
 
+impl PySet {
+    pub fn new_ref(ctx: &PyContext) -> PyRef<Self> {
+        // Initialized empty, as calling __hash__ is required for adding each object to the set
+        // which requires a VM context - this is done in the set code itself.
+        PyRef::new_ref(Self::default(), ctx.types.set_type.clone(), None)
+    }
+}
+
 #[pyimpl(with(Hashable, Comparable, Iterable), flags(BASETYPE))]
 impl PySet {
     #[pyslot]
@@ -692,6 +699,7 @@ impl PyFrozenSet {
         for elem in it {
             inner.add(elem, vm)?;
         }
+        // FIXME: empty set check
         Ok(Self { inner })
     }
 
diff --git a/vm/src/frame.rs b/vm/src/frame.rs
index 56b01e0663..1faad11bb0 100644
--- a/vm/src/frame.rs
+++ b/vm/src/frame.rs
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ impl ExecutingFrame<'_> {
                 Ok(None)
             }
             bytecode::Instruction::BuildSet { size, unpack } => {
-                let set = vm.ctx.new_set();
+                let set = set::PySet::new_ref(&vm.ctx);
                 {
                     let elements = self.pop_multiple(*size as usize);
                     if *unpack {
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ impl ExecutingFrame<'_> {
             bytecode::Instruction::SetAdd { i } => {
                 let set_obj = self.nth_value(*i);
                 let item = self.pop_value();
-                set::PySetRef::try_from_object(vm, set_obj)?.add(item, vm)?;
+                PyRef::<set::PySet>::try_from_object(vm, set_obj)?.add(item, vm)?;
                 Ok(None)
             }
             bytecode::Instruction::MapAdd { i } => {
diff --git a/vm/src/pyobject.rs b/vm/src/pyobject.rs
index 9233acb1a1..02c563aaf2 100644
--- a/vm/src/pyobject.rs
+++ b/vm/src/pyobject.rs
@@ -10,10 +10,9 @@ use crate::{
         bytearray, bytes,
         code::{self, PyCode},
         getset::{IntoPyGetterFunc, IntoPySetterFunc, PyGetSet},
-        object, pystr,
-        set::{self, PyFrozenSet},
-        PyBaseExceptionRef, PyBoundMethod, PyDict, PyDictRef, PyEllipsis, PyFloat, PyInt, PyIntRef,
-        PyList, PyNone, PyNotImplemented, PyStr, PyTuple, PyTupleRef, PyType, PyTypeRef,
+        object, pystr, PyBaseExceptionRef, PyBoundMethod, PyDict, PyDictRef, PyEllipsis, PyFloat,
+        PyFrozenSet, PyInt, PyIntRef, PyList, PyNone, PyNotImplemented, PyStr, PyTuple, PyTupleRef,
+        PyType, PyTypeRef,
     },
     dictdatatype::Dict,
     exceptions,
@@ -157,6 +156,8 @@ impl PyContext {
         self.not_implemented.clone().into()
     }
 
+    // shortcuts for common type
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn new_int<T: Into<BigInt> + ToPrimitive>(&self, i: T) -> PyIntRef {
         if let Some(i) = i.to_i32() {
@@ -235,12 +236,6 @@ impl PyContext {
         PyObject::new(PyList::from(elements), self.types.list_type.clone(), None)
     }
 
-    pub fn new_set(&self) -> set::PySetRef {
-        // Initialized empty, as calling __hash__ is required for adding each object to the set
-        // which requires a VM context - this is done in the set code itself.
-        PyRef::new_ref(set::PySet::default(), self.types.set_type.clone(), None)
-    }
-
     pub fn new_dict(&self) -> PyDictRef {
         PyRef::new_ref(PyDict::default(), self.types.dict_type.clone(), None)
     }