radare2/binr/r2r/run.c

/* radare - LGPL - Copyright 2020-2026 - pancake, thestr4ng3r */

#include "r2r.h"

// Detect if we're running under Address Sanitizer
#if defined(__has_feature)
#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
#define R2R_ASAN 1
#endif
#endif
#ifndef R2R_ASAN
#if defined(__SANITIZE_ADDRESS__)
#define R2R_ASAN 1
#endif
#endif
#ifndef R2R_ASAN
#define R2R_ASAN 0
#endif

#if R2__WINDOWS__
#include <windows.h>
#else
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#if __wasi__
static int pipe(int fildes[2]) {
	return -1;
}
static int dup2(int a, int b) {
	return -1;
}
static int waitpid(int a, void *b, int c) {
	return -1;
}
static int kill(int a, int b) {
	return -1;
}
static int execvp(const char *a, char **b) {
	return -1;
}
static int setpgid(int pid, int pgid) {
	return -1;
}
#define WNOHANG 0
#define WIFEXITED(x) 0
#define WEXITSTATUS(x) 0
#define __SIG_IGN 0
#endif

#if R2__WINDOWS__
struct r2r_subprocess_t {
	HANDLE stdin_write;
	HANDLE stdout_read;
	HANDLE stderr_read;
	HANDLE proc;
	int ret;
	RStrBuf out;
	RStrBuf err;
	RThreadLock *lock;
};

static volatile long pipe_id = 0;

static bool create_pipe_overlap(HANDLE *pipe_read, HANDLE *pipe_write, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES attrs, DWORD sz, DWORD read_mode, DWORD write_mode) {
	// see https://stackoverflow.com/a/419736
	if (!sz) {
		sz = 4096;
	}
	r_strf_var (name, MAX_PATH, "\\\\.\\pipe\\r2r-subproc.%d.%ld", (int)GetCurrentProcessId (), (long)InterlockedIncrement (&pipe_id));
	*pipe_read = CreateNamedPipeA (name, PIPE_ACCESS_INBOUND | read_mode, PIPE_TYPE_BYTE | PIPE_WAIT, 1, sz, sz, 120 * 1000, attrs);
	if (!*pipe_read) {
		return false;
	}
	*pipe_write = CreateFileA (name, GENERIC_WRITE, 0, attrs, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | write_mode, NULL);
	if (*pipe_write == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
		CloseHandle (*pipe_read);
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

R_DEPRECATE R_API bool r2r_subprocess_init(void) {
	return true;
}

R_DEPRECATE R_API void r2r_subprocess_fini(void) {
	// nothing to do
}

static inline bool append_wchars(LPWCH buf, size_t *pos, size_t cap, const wchar_t *src, size_t len) {
	if (*pos + len > cap) {
		return false;
	}
	memcpy (buf + *pos, src, len * sizeof (wchar_t));
	*pos += len;
	return true;
}

static inline bool append_wchar(LPWCH buf, size_t *pos, size_t cap, wchar_t c) {
	if (*pos + 1 > cap) {
		return false;
	}
	buf[(*pos)++] = c;
	return true;
}

#define ENV_BUF_CAP 32768

// Create an env block that inherits the current vars but overrides the given ones
static LPWCH override_env(const char *envvars[], const char *envvals[], size_t env_size) {
	LPWCH ret = NULL;
	LPWCH parent_env = NULL;
	size_t i;
	LPWSTR *wenvvars = calloc (env_size, sizeof (LPWSTR));
	LPWSTR *wenvvals = calloc (env_size, sizeof (LPWSTR));
	parent_env = GetEnvironmentStringsW ();
	if (!wenvvars || !wenvvals || !parent_env) {
		goto error;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < env_size; i++) {
		wenvvars[i] = r_utf8_to_utf16 (envvars[i]);
		wenvvals[i] = r_utf8_to_utf16 (envvals[i]);
		if (!wenvvars[i] || !wenvvals[i]) {
			goto error;
		}
	}

	// Preallocate a reasonable size for environment variables (Windows limit is ~32KB)
	LPWCH buf = calloc (ENV_BUF_CAP, sizeof (wchar_t));
	if (!buf) {
		goto error;
	}
	size_t buf_pos = 0;
	LPWCH cur = parent_env;
	while (true) {
		LPWCH var_begin = cur;
		// wprintf (L"ENV: %s\n", cur);
		while (*cur && *cur != L'=') {
			cur++;
		}
		if (!*cur) {
			cur++;
			if (!*cur) {
				break;
			}
			continue;
		}
		bool overridden = false;
		for (i = 0; i < env_size; i++) {
			size_t overlen = lstrlenW (wenvvars[i]);
			size_t curlen = cur - var_begin;
			if (overlen == curlen && !memcmp (var_begin, wenvvars[i], overlen)) {
				overridden = true;
				break;
			}
		}
		while (*cur) {
			cur++;
		}
		if (!overridden) {
			size_t count = cur - var_begin + 1;
			if (!append_wchars (buf, &buf_pos, ENV_BUF_CAP, var_begin, count)) {
				free (buf);
				goto error;
			}
		}
		cur++;
		if (!*cur) {
			// \0\0 marks the end
			break;
		}
	}

	wchar_t c;
	for (i = 0; i < env_size; i++) {
		size_t len = lstrlenW (wenvvars[i]);
		if (!append_wchars (buf, &buf_pos, ENV_BUF_CAP, wenvvars[i], len)) {
			free (buf);
			goto error;
		}
		c = L'=';
		if (!append_wchar (buf, &buf_pos, ENV_BUF_CAP, c)) {
			free (buf);
			goto error;
		}
		len = lstrlenW (wenvvals[i]);
		if (!append_wchars (buf, &buf_pos, ENV_BUF_CAP, wenvvals[i], len)) {
			free (buf);
			goto error;
		}
		c = L'\0';
		if (!append_wchar (buf, &buf_pos, ENV_BUF_CAP, c)) {
			free (buf);
			goto error;
		}
	}
	if (!append_wchar (buf, &buf_pos, ENV_BUF_CAP, L'\0')) {
		free (buf);
		goto error;
	}
	ret = buf;
	return ret;

error:
	if (parent_env) {
		FreeEnvironmentStringsW (parent_env);
	}
	for (i = 0; i < env_size; i++) {
		if (wenvvars) {
			free (wenvvars[i]);
		}
		if (wenvvals) {
			free (wenvvals[i]);
		}
	}
	free (wenvvars);
	free (wenvvals);
	free (buf);
	return NULL;
}

R_API R2RSubprocess *r2r_subprocess_start(
	const char *file, const char *args[], size_t args_size, const char *envvars[], const char *envvals[], size_t env_size) {
	char **argv = calloc (args_size + 1, sizeof (char *));
	R2RSubprocess *proc = NULL;
	HANDLE stdin_read = NULL, stdout_write = NULL, stderr_write = NULL;
	if (!argv) {
		return NULL;
	}
	argv[0] = (char *)file;
	if (args_size) {
		memcpy (argv + 1, args, sizeof (char *) * args_size);
	}
	char *cmdline = r_str_format_msvc_argv (args_size + 1, (const char **)argv);
	free (argv);
	if (!cmdline) {
		return NULL;
	}

	proc = R_NEW0 (R2RSubprocess);
	if (!proc) {
		goto error;
	}
	proc->ret = -1;
	proc->lock = r_th_lock_new (false);

	SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sattrs;
	sattrs.nLength = sizeof (sattrs);
	sattrs.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
	sattrs.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;

	if (!create_pipe_overlap (&proc->stdout_read, &stdout_write, &sattrs, 0, FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, 0)) {
		proc->stdout_read = stdout_write = NULL;
		goto error;
	}
	if (!SetHandleInformation (proc->stdout_read, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0)) {
		goto error;
	}
	if (!create_pipe_overlap (&proc->stderr_read, &stderr_write, &sattrs, 0, FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, 0)) {
		proc->stdout_read = stderr_write = NULL;
		goto error;
	}
	if (!SetHandleInformation (proc->stderr_read, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0)) {
		goto error;
	}
	if (!CreatePipe (&stdin_read, &proc->stdin_write, &sattrs, 0)) {
		stdin_read = proc->stdin_write = NULL;
		goto error;
	}
	if (!SetHandleInformation (proc->stdin_write, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0)) {
		goto error;
	}

	PROCESS_INFORMATION proc_info = { 0 };
	STARTUPINFOA start_info = { 0 };
	start_info.cb = sizeof (start_info);
	start_info.hStdError = stderr_write;
	start_info.hStdOutput = stdout_write;
	start_info.hStdInput = stdin_read;
	start_info.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;

	LPWSTR env = override_env (envvars, envvals, env_size);
	if (!CreateProcessA (NULL, cmdline, NULL, NULL, TRUE, CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT, env, NULL, &start_info, &proc_info)) {
		free (env);
		R_LOG_ERROR ("CreateProcess failed: %#x", (int)GetLastError ());
		goto error;
	}
	free (env);

	CloseHandle (proc_info.hThread);
	proc->proc = proc_info.hProcess;

beach:
	if (stdin_read) {
		CloseHandle (stdin_read);
	}
	if (stdout_write) {
		CloseHandle (stdout_write);
	}
	if (stderr_write) {
		CloseHandle (stderr_write);
	}
	free (cmdline);
	return proc;
error:
	if (proc->stdin_write) {
		CloseHandle (proc->stdin_write);
	}
	if (proc->stdout_read) {
		CloseHandle (proc->stdout_read);
	}
	if (proc->stderr_read) {
		CloseHandle (proc->stderr_read);
	}
	R_FREE (proc);
	goto beach;
}

R_API bool r2r_subprocess_wait(R2RSubprocess *proc, ut64 timeout_ms) {
	OVERLAPPED stdout_overlapped = { 0 };
	stdout_overlapped.hEvent = CreateEvent (NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
	if (!stdout_overlapped.hEvent) {
		return false;
	}
	OVERLAPPED stderr_overlapped = { 0 };
	stderr_overlapped.hEvent = CreateEvent (NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
	if (!stderr_overlapped.hEvent) {
		CloseHandle (stdout_overlapped.hEvent);
		return false;
	}

	ut64 timeout_us_abs = UT64_MAX;
	if (timeout_ms != UT64_MAX) {
		timeout_us_abs = r_time_now_mono () + timeout_ms * R_USEC_PER_MSEC;
	}

	ut8 stdout_buf[0x500];
	ut8 stderr_buf[0x500];
	bool stdout_eof = false;
	bool stderr_eof = false;
	bool child_dead = false;

#define DO_READ(which) \
	if (!ReadFile (proc->which ## _read, which ## _buf, sizeof (which ## _buf) - 1, NULL, &(which ## _overlapped))) { \
		if (GetLastError () != ERROR_IO_PENDING) { \
			/* EOF or some other error */ \
			which ## _eof = true; \
		} \
	}

	DO_READ (stdout)
	DO_READ (stderr)

	HANDLE handles[3];
	while (true) {
		size_t stdout_index = 0;
		size_t stderr_index = 0;
		size_t proc_index = 0;
		size_t handles_count = 0;
		if (!stdout_eof) {
			stdout_index = handles_count;
			handles[handles_count++] = stdout_overlapped.hEvent;
		}
		if (!stderr_eof) {
			stderr_index = handles_count;
			handles[handles_count++] = stderr_overlapped.hEvent;
		}
		if (!child_dead) {
			proc_index = handles_count;
			handles[handles_count++] = proc->proc;
		}

		DWORD timeout = INFINITE;
		if (timeout_us_abs != UT64_MAX) {
			ut64 now = r_time_now_mono ();
			if (now >= timeout_us_abs) {
				return false;
			}
			timeout = (DWORD) ((timeout_us_abs - now) / R_USEC_PER_MSEC);
		}
		DWORD signaled = WaitForMultipleObjects (handles_count, handles, FALSE, timeout);
		if (!stdout_eof && signaled == stdout_index) {
			DWORD r;
			BOOL res = GetOverlappedResult (proc->stdout_read, &stdout_overlapped, &r, TRUE);
			if (!res) {
				stdout_eof = true;
				continue;
			}
			stdout_buf[r] = '\0';
			r_str_remove_char ((char *)stdout_buf, '\r');
			r_strbuf_append (&proc->out, (const char *)stdout_buf);
			ResetEvent (stdout_overlapped.hEvent);
			DO_READ (stdout)
			continue;
		}
		if (!stderr_eof && signaled == stderr_index) {
			DWORD read;
			BOOL res = GetOverlappedResult (proc->stderr_read, &stderr_overlapped, &read, TRUE);
			if (!res) {
				stderr_eof = true;
				continue;
			}
			stderr_buf[read] = '\0';
			r_str_remove_char ((char *)stderr_buf, '\r');
			r_strbuf_append (&proc->err, (const char *)stderr_buf);
			ResetEvent (stderr_overlapped.hEvent);
			DO_READ (stderr);
			continue;
		}
		if (!child_dead && signaled == proc_index) {
			child_dead = true;
			DWORD exit_code;
			if (GetExitCodeProcess (proc->proc, &exit_code)) {
				proc->ret = exit_code;
			}
			continue;
		}
		break;
	}
	CloseHandle (stdout_overlapped.hEvent);
	CloseHandle (stderr_overlapped.hEvent);
	return stdout_eof && stderr_eof && child_dead;
}

R_API void r2r_subprocess_kill(R2RSubprocess *proc) {
	TerminateProcess (proc->proc, 255);
}

R_API void r2r_subprocess_stdin_write(R2RSubprocess *proc, const ut8 *buf, size_t buf_size) {
	DWORD read;
	WriteFile (proc->stdin_write, buf, buf_size, &read, NULL);
}

R_API R2RProcessOutput *r2r_subprocess_drain(R2RSubprocess *proc) {
	R2RProcessOutput *out = R_NEW (R2RProcessOutput);
	r_th_lock_enter (proc->lock);
	out->out = r_strbuf_drain_nofree (&proc->out);
	out->err = r_strbuf_drain_nofree (&proc->err);
	out->ret = proc->ret;
	out->timeout = false;
	r_th_lock_leave (proc->lock);
	return out;
}

R_API void r2r_subprocess_free(R2RSubprocess *proc) {
	if (R_LIKELY (proc)) {
		CloseHandle (proc->stdin_write);
		CloseHandle (proc->stdout_read);
		CloseHandle (proc->stderr_read);
		CloseHandle (proc->proc);
		r_strbuf_fini (&proc->out);
		r_strbuf_fini (&proc->err);
		free (proc);
	}
}
#else

#include <errno.h>
#ifndef __wasi__
#include <spawn.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#if __APPLE__
#include <crt_externs.h>
#define r2r_environ (*_NSGetEnviron ())
#else
extern char **environ;
#define r2r_environ environ
#endif
#else
#define WNOHANG 0
#endif

struct r2r_subprocess_t {
	pid_t pid;
	int stdin_fd;
	int stdout_fd;
	int stderr_fd;
	int killpipe[2];
	int ret;
	bool status_set;
	RStrBuf out;
	RStrBuf err;
	RThreadLock *lock;
};

/// XXX remove globals!
static RVecR2RSubprocessPtr subprocs;
static RThreadLock *subprocs_mutex = NULL;
static int sigchld_pipe[2];
static RThread *sigchld_thread;

static void handle_sigchld(int sig) {
	ut8 b = 1;
	if (write (sigchld_pipe[1], &b, 1) != 1) {
		return;
	}
}

static void subprocs_remove(R2RSubprocess *proc) {
	R2RSubprocess **it;
	ut64 idx = 0;
	R_VEC_FOREACH (&subprocs, it) {
		if (*it == proc) {
			RVecR2RSubprocessPtr_remove (&subprocs, idx);
			return;
		}
		idx++;
	}
}

static void subprocs_free_all(void) {
	RVecR2RSubprocessPtr pending = {0};
	RVecR2RSubprocessPtr_swap (&pending, &subprocs);
	R2RSubprocess **it;
	R_VEC_FOREACH (&pending, it) {
		r2r_subprocess_free (*it);
	}
	RVecR2RSubprocessPtr_fini (&pending);
}

static void subprocess_set_status(R2RSubprocess *proc, int wstat) {
	int exit_status = -1;
#if !__wasi__
	if (WIFSIGNALED (wstat)) {
		const int signal_number = WTERMSIG (wstat);
		R_LOG_ERROR ("Child signal %d", signal_number);
	} else if (WIFEXITED (wstat)) {
		exit_status = WEXITSTATUS (wstat);
	}
#endif
	r_th_lock_enter (proc->lock);
	proc->ret = exit_status;
	proc->status_set = true;
	r_th_lock_leave (proc->lock);
}

static bool subprocess_status_set(R2RSubprocess *proc) {
	bool ret = false;
	r_th_lock_enter (proc->lock);
	ret = proc->status_set;
	r_th_lock_leave (proc->lock);
	return ret;
}

static bool subprocess_try_wait(R2RSubprocess *proc) {
	int wstat;
	pid_t pid = waitpid (proc->pid, &wstat, WNOHANG);
	if (pid == 0) {
		return false;
	}
	if (pid < 0) {
		if (errno == EINTR) {
			return false;
		}
		if (errno == ECHILD) {
			return subprocess_status_set (proc);
		}
		r_sys_perror ("sp-wait waitpid");
		return false;
	}
	subprocess_set_status (proc, wstat);
	return true;
}

static bool subprocess_notify_wait(R2RSubprocess *proc) {
	if (subprocess_status_set (proc)) {
		return false;
	}
	int wstat;
	pid_t pid = waitpid (proc->pid, &wstat, WNOHANG);
	if (pid == 0) {
		return false;
	}
	if (pid < 0) {
		if (errno != EINTR && errno != ECHILD) {
			r_sys_perror ("sigchld waitpid");
		}
		return false;
	}
	subprocess_set_status (proc, wstat);
	int ret = write (proc->killpipe[1], "", 1);
	if (ret != 1) {
		r_sys_perror ("write killpipe-");
	}
	return true;
}

static RThreadFunctionRet sigchld_th(RThread *th) {
	while (true) {
		ut8 b;
		ssize_t rd = read (sigchld_pipe[0], &b, 1);
		if (rd <= 0) {
			if (rd < 0) {
				if (errno == EINTR) {
					continue;
				}
				r_sys_perror ("sigchld- read");
			}
			break;
		}
		if (!b) {
			break;
		}
		while (true) {
			r_th_lock_enter (subprocs_mutex);
			bool found = false;
			R2RSubprocess **it;
			R_VEC_FOREACH (&subprocs, it) {
				if (subprocess_notify_wait (*it)) {
					found = true;
				}
			}
			r_th_lock_leave (subprocs_mutex);
			if (!found) {
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	r_log_fini ();
	return R_TH_STOP;
}

R_API bool r2r_subprocess_init(void) {
	RVecR2RSubprocessPtr_init (&subprocs);
	subprocs_mutex = r_th_lock_new (false);
	if (!subprocs_mutex) {
		return false;
	}
	if (pipe (sigchld_pipe) == -1) {
		r_sys_perror ("subprocess-init pipe");
		r_th_lock_free (subprocs_mutex);
		return false;
	}
	if (fcntl (sigchld_pipe[1], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
		r_sys_perror ("fcntl sigchld_pipe");
		goto error;
	}
	sigchld_thread = r_th_new (sigchld_th, NULL, 0);
	if (!r_th_start (sigchld_thread)) {
		goto error;
	}
	if (r_sys_signal (SIGCHLD, handle_sigchld) < 0) {
		goto error;
	}
	return true;

error:
	if (sigchld_thread) {
		r_th_free (sigchld_thread);
		sigchld_thread = NULL;
	}
	close (sigchld_pipe[0]);
	close (sigchld_pipe[1]);
	r_th_lock_free (subprocs_mutex);
	return false;
}

R_API void r2r_subprocess_fini(void) {
	r_sys_signal (SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
	ut8 b = 0;
	if (write (sigchld_pipe[1], &b, 1) != 1) {
		// nothing relevant here
	}
	close (sigchld_pipe[1]);
	r_th_wait (sigchld_thread);
	close (sigchld_pipe[0]);
	r_th_free (sigchld_thread);
	subprocs_free_all ();
	r_th_lock_free (subprocs_mutex);
}

R_API R2RSubprocess *r2r_subprocess_start(
	const char *file, const char *args[], size_t args_size, const char *envvars[], const char *envvals[], size_t env_size) {
	char **argv = calloc (args_size + 2, sizeof (char *));
	size_t i;
	int stdin_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
	int stdout_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
	int stderr_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
	bool locked = false;
	R2RSubprocess *proc = NULL;
	R2RSubprocess *ret = NULL;
	if (!argv) {
		return NULL;
	}
	argv[0] = (char *)file;
	if (args_size) {
		memcpy (argv + 1, args, sizeof (char *) * args_size);
	}
#if __wasi__
	(void)envvars;
	(void)envvals;
#else
	char **envp = NULL;
	char **spawn_envp = r2r_environ;
	size_t envp_len = 0;
	size_t envp_owned = 0;
	if (env_size) {
		char **parent_env = r2r_environ;
		size_t parent_count = 0;
		if (parent_env) {
			while (parent_env[parent_count]) {
				parent_count++;
			}
		}
		envp = calloc (parent_count + env_size + 1, sizeof (char *));
		if (!envp) {
			goto beach;
		}
		for (i = 0; i < parent_count; i++) {
			size_t j;
			for (j = 0; j < env_size; j++) {
				const char *key = envvars? envvars[j]: NULL;
				if (R_STR_ISEMPTY (key)) {
					continue;
				}
				size_t key_len = strlen (key);
				if (!strncmp (parent_env[i], key, key_len) && parent_env[i][key_len] == '=') {
					break;
				}
			}
			if (j == env_size) {
				envp[envp_len++] = parent_env[i];
			}
		}
		envp_owned = envp_len;
		for (i = 0; i < env_size; i++) {
			const char *key = envvars? envvars[i]: NULL;
			if (R_STR_ISEMPTY (key)) {
				continue;
			}
			const char *value = envvals && envvals[i]? envvals[i]: "";
			envp[envp_len] = r_str_newf ("%s=%s", key, value);
			if (!envp[envp_len]) {
				goto beach;
			}
			envp_len++;
		}
		spawn_envp = envp;
	}
#endif

	r_th_lock_enter (subprocs_mutex);
	locked = true;
	proc = R_NEW0 (R2RSubprocess);
	proc->killpipe[0] = proc->killpipe[1] = -1;
	proc->stdin_fd = proc->stdout_fd = proc->stderr_fd = -1;
	proc->ret = -1;
	proc->lock = r_th_lock_new (false);
	r_strbuf_init (&proc->out);
	r_strbuf_init (&proc->err);
#if 0
	r_strbuf_reserve (&proc->out, 32768);
	r_strbuf_reserve (&proc->err, 32768);
#endif
	if (pipe (proc->killpipe) == -1) {
		r_sys_perror ("subproc-start pipe");
		goto error;
	}
	if (fcntl (proc->killpipe[1], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
		r_sys_perror ("subproc-start fcntl");
		goto error;
	}
	/* Prevent these internal notif pipes from being inherited by children */
	(void)fcntl (proc->killpipe[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
	(void)fcntl (proc->killpipe[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);

	if (pipe (stdin_pipe) == -1) {
		r_sys_perror ("subproc-start pipe");
		goto error;
	}
	proc->stdin_fd = stdin_pipe[1];

	if (pipe (stdout_pipe) == -1) {
		r_sys_perror ("subproc-start pipe");
		goto error;
	}
	if (fcntl (stdout_pipe[0], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
		r_sys_perror ("subproc-start fcntl");
		goto error;
	}
	proc->stdout_fd = stdout_pipe[0];

	if (pipe (stderr_pipe) == -1) {
		r_sys_perror ("subproc-start pipe");
		goto error;
	}
	if (fcntl (stderr_pipe[0], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
		r_sys_perror ("subproc-start fcntl");
		goto error;
	}
	proc->stderr_fd = stderr_pipe[0];

#if __wasi__
	proc->pid = r_sys_fork ();
	if (proc->pid == -1) {
		r_sys_perror ("subproc-start fork");
		goto error;
	}
	if (proc->pid == 0) {
		(void)setpgid (0, 0);
		(void)dup2 (stdin_pipe[0], STDIN_FILENO);
		(void)dup2 (stdout_pipe[1], STDOUT_FILENO);
		(void)dup2 (stderr_pipe[1], STDERR_FILENO);
		execvp (file, argv);
		_exit (127);
	}
#else
	posix_spawn_file_actions_t actions;
	posix_spawnattr_t attr = {0};
	posix_spawn_file_actions_init (&actions);
	posix_spawnattr_init (&attr);
	int child_fds[3] = { stdin_pipe[0], stdout_pipe[1], stderr_pipe[1] };
	int std_fds[3] = { STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO };
	for (i = 0; i < R_ARRAY_SIZE (child_fds); i++) {
		posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 (&actions, child_fds[i], std_fds[i]);
	}
	int close_fds[6] = {
		stdin_pipe[0], stdin_pipe[1], stdout_pipe[0], stdout_pipe[1], stderr_pipe[0], stderr_pipe[1]
	};
	for (i = 0; i < R_ARRAY_SIZE (close_fds); i++) {
		posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose (&actions, close_fds[i]);
	}
	posix_spawnattr_setpgroup (&attr, 0);
	posix_spawnattr_setflags (&attr, POSIX_SPAWN_SETPGROUP);
	int spawn_err = posix_spawnp (&proc->pid, file, &actions, &attr, argv, spawn_envp);
	posix_spawnattr_destroy (&attr);
	posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy (&actions);
	if (spawn_err) {
		errno = spawn_err;
		r_sys_perror ("subproc-start posix_spawnp");
		goto error;
	}
#endif
	close (stdin_pipe[0]);
	close (stdout_pipe[1]);
	close (stderr_pipe[1]);

	RVecR2RSubprocessPtr_push_back (&subprocs, &proc);

	ret = proc;
	proc = NULL;
	goto beach;

error:
	if (proc && proc->killpipe[0] != -1) {
		close (proc->killpipe[0]);
	}
	if (proc && proc->killpipe[1] != -1) {
		close (proc->killpipe[1]);
	}
	int *fds[6] = {
		&stderr_pipe[0], &stderr_pipe[1], &stdout_pipe[0], &stdout_pipe[1], &stdin_pipe[0], &stdin_pipe[1]
	};
	for (i = 0; i < R_ARRAY_SIZE (fds); i++) {
		if (*fds[i] != -1) {
			close (*fds[i]);
		}
	}
	if (proc) {
		r_strbuf_fini (&proc->out);
		r_strbuf_fini (&proc->err);
		if (proc->lock) {
			r_th_lock_free (proc->lock);
		}
		free (proc);
	}
beach:
	if (locked) {
		r_th_lock_leave (subprocs_mutex);
	}
#if !__wasi__
	while (envp_len > envp_owned) {
		free (envp[--envp_len]);
	}
	free (envp);
#endif
	free (argv);
	return ret;
}

R_API bool r2r_subprocess_wait(R2RSubprocess *proc, ut64 timeout_ms) {
	ut64 timeout_abs = 0;
	if (timeout_ms != UT64_MAX) {
		timeout_abs = r_time_now_mono () + timeout_ms * R_USEC_PER_MSEC;
	}
	int r = 0;
	bool stdout_eof = false;
	bool stderr_eof = false;
	bool child_dead = false;
	while (!stdout_eof || !stderr_eof || !child_dead) {
		fd_set rfds;
		FD_ZERO (&rfds);
		int nfds = 0;
		bool poll_child = !child_dead && stdout_eof && stderr_eof;
		if (!stdout_eof) {
			FD_SET (proc->stdout_fd, &rfds);
			if (proc->stdout_fd > nfds) {
				nfds = proc->stdout_fd;
			}
		}
		if (!stderr_eof) {
			FD_SET (proc->stderr_fd, &rfds);
			if (proc->stderr_fd > nfds) {
				nfds = proc->stderr_fd;
			}
		}
		if (!child_dead) {
			FD_SET (proc->killpipe[0], &rfds);
			if (proc->killpipe[0] > nfds) {
				nfds = proc->killpipe[0];
			}
		}
		nfds++;

		struct timeval timeout_s;
		struct timeval *timeout = NULL;
		if (timeout_ms != UT64_MAX) {
			ut64 now = r_time_now_mono ();
			if (now >= timeout_abs) {
				break;
			}
			ut64 usec_diff = timeout_abs - r_time_now_mono ();
			timeout_s.tv_sec = usec_diff / R_USEC_PER_SEC;
			timeout_s.tv_usec = usec_diff % R_USEC_PER_SEC;
			timeout = &timeout_s;
		} else if (poll_child) {
			timeout_s.tv_sec = 0;
			timeout_s.tv_usec = 100000;
			timeout = &timeout_s;
		}
		r = select (nfds, &rfds, NULL, NULL, timeout);
		if (r < 0) {
			if (errno == EINTR) {
				continue;
			}
			break;
		}

		bool timedout = true;
		if (FD_ISSET (proc->stdout_fd, &rfds)) {
			timedout = false;
			char buf[4096];
			ssize_t sz = read (proc->stdout_fd, buf, sizeof (buf));
			if (sz < 0) {
				r_sys_perror ("sp-wait read 1");
				stdout_eof = true;
			} else if (sz == 0) {
				stdout_eof = true;
			} else {
				r_strbuf_append_n (&proc->out, buf, (int)sz);
			}
		}
		if (FD_ISSET (proc->stderr_fd, &rfds)) {
			timedout = false;
			char buf[4096];
			ssize_t sz = read (proc->stderr_fd, buf, sizeof (buf));
			if (sz < 0) {
				r_sys_perror ("sp-wait read 2");
				stderr_eof = true;
			} else if (sz == 0) {
				stderr_eof = true;
			} else {
				r_strbuf_append_n (&proc->err, buf, (int)sz);
			}
		}
		if (FD_ISSET (proc->killpipe[0], &rfds)) {
			timedout = false;
			child_dead = true;
		}
		if (!child_dead && (poll_child || r == 0)) {
			child_dead = subprocess_try_wait (proc);
			if (child_dead) {
				timedout = false;
			}
		}
		if (timedout) {
			if (timeout_ms != UT64_MAX) {
				break;
			}
			continue;
		}
	}
	if (r < 0) {
		r_sys_perror ("sp-wait select");
	}
	return child_dead;
}

R_API void r2r_subprocess_kill(R2RSubprocess *proc) {
	/* Kill the whole process group to ensure grandchildren are terminated */
	if (kill (-proc->pid, SIGKILL) == -1) {
		r_sys_perror ("killpg");
	}
}

R_API void r2r_subprocess_stdin_write(R2RSubprocess *proc, const ut8 *buf, size_t buf_size) {
	if (write (proc->stdin_fd, buf, buf_size) != buf_size) {
		// another ignored result
	}
	close (proc->stdin_fd);
	proc->stdin_fd = -1;
}

R_API R2RProcessOutput *r2r_subprocess_drain(R2RSubprocess *proc) {
	R_RETURN_VAL_IF_FAIL (proc, NULL);
	if (proc->lock && r_th_lock_enter (proc->lock)) {
		R2RProcessOutput *out = R_NEW0 (R2RProcessOutput);
		// XXX for some reason strdup handles memory better than drain_nofree
		//		out->out = r_strbuf_drain_nofree (&proc->out);
		//		out->err = r_strbuf_drain_nofree (&proc->err);
		out->out = strdup (r_strbuf_get (&proc->out));
		out->err = strdup (r_strbuf_get (&proc->err));
		out->ret = proc->ret;
		out->timeout = false;
		r_th_lock_leave (proc->lock);
		return out;
	}
	R_LOG_ERROR ("Cannot acquire the lock wtf");
	return NULL;
}

R_API void r2r_subprocess_free(R2RSubprocess *proc) {
	if (!proc) {
		return;
	}
	// Take mutex to safely modify the subprocs vector
	if (!r_th_lock_enter (subprocs_mutex)) {
		// If we can't take the lock, still try to free resources
		// to avoid leaking, but don't modify shared data structures
		goto cleanup_without_vector;
	}
	// Remove from global vector of subprocesses
	subprocs_remove (proc);
	r_th_lock_leave (subprocs_mutex);
	// Now safely clean up process resources
cleanup_without_vector:
	// Acquire the process lock to ensure no one is currently
	// writing to or reading from its buffers
	if (proc->lock) {
		r_th_lock_enter (proc->lock);
		// Free buffers - only reinitialize them if they haven't been drained
		// This prevents double frees when r2r_subprocess_drain has been called
		if (proc->out.ptr) {
			r_strbuf_fini (&proc->out);
			//	r_strbuf_init (&proc->out); // Reinitialize to avoid issues with subsequent r_strbuf_fini
		}
		if (proc->err.ptr) {
			r_strbuf_fini (&proc->err);
			//	r_strbuf_init (&proc->err); // Reinitialize to avoid issues with subsequent r_strbuf_fini
		}
		// Release the process lock before freeing it
		r_th_lock_leave (proc->lock);
		r_th_lock_free (proc->lock);
	} else {
		R_LOG_ERROR ("We couldnt get the lock wtf");
		// Even if we can't get the lock, we need to safely clean up buffers
		// If buffers have been drained, ptr would be NULL and this is safe
		r_strbuf_fini (&proc->out);
		r_strbuf_fini (&proc->err);
	}
	// Close all open file descriptors
	if (proc->killpipe[0] != -1) {
		close (proc->killpipe[0]);
	}
	if (proc->killpipe[1] != -1) {
		close (proc->killpipe[1]);
	}
	if (proc->stdin_fd != -1) {
		close (proc->stdin_fd);
	}
	if (proc->stdout_fd != -1) {
		close (proc->stdout_fd);
	}
	if (proc->stderr_fd != -1) {
		close (proc->stderr_fd);
	}
	// Finally free the process struct itself
	free (proc);
}
#endif

R_API void r2r_process_output_free(R2RProcessOutput *out) {
	if (!out) {
		return;
	}
	free (out->out);
	free (out->err);
	free (out);
}

static R2RProcessOutput *subprocess_runner(const char *file, const char *args[], size_t args_size, const char *envvars[], const char *envvals[], size_t env_size, ut64 timeout_ms, void *user) {
	R2RSubprocess *proc = r2r_subprocess_start (file, args, args_size, envvars, envvals, env_size);
	if (!proc) {
		return NULL;
	}
	bool timeout = !r2r_subprocess_wait (proc, timeout_ms);
	if (timeout) {
		r2r_subprocess_kill (proc);
	}
	R2RProcessOutput *out = r2r_subprocess_drain (proc);
	if (out) {
		out->timeout = timeout;
	}
	r2r_subprocess_free (proc);
	return out;
}

#if R2__WINDOWS__
static char *convert_win_cmds(const char *cmds) {
	char *r = malloc (strlen (cmds) + 1);
	if (!r) {
		return NULL;
	}
	char *p = r;
	while (*cmds) {
		if (*cmds == '!' || (*cmds == '\"' && cmds[1] == '!')) {
			// Adjust shell syntax for Windows,
			// only for lines starting with ! or "!
			char c;
			for (; c = *cmds, c; cmds++) {
				if (c == '\\') {
					// replace \$ by $
					c = *++cmds;
					if (c == '$') {
						*p++ = '$';
					} else {
						*p++ = '\\';
						*p++ = c;
					}
				} else if (c == '$') {
					// replace ${VARNAME} by %VARNAME%
					c = *++cmds;
					if (c == '{') {
						*p++ = '%';
						cmds++;
						for (; c = *cmds, c && c != '}'; *++cmds) {
							*p++ = c;
						}
						if (c) { // must check c to prevent overflow
							*p++ = '%';
						}
					} else {
						*p++ = '$';
						*p++ = c;
					}
				} else {
					*p++ = c;
					if (c == '\n') {
						cmds++;
						break;
					}
				}
			}
			continue;
		}

		// Nothing to do, just copy the line
		char *lend = strchr (cmds, '\n');
		size_t llen;
		if (lend) {
			llen = lend - cmds + 1;
		} else {
			llen = strlen (cmds);
		}
		memcpy (p, cmds, llen);
		cmds += llen;
		p += llen;
	}
	*p = '\0';
	return r_str_replace (r, "/dev/null", "nul", true);
}
#endif

static const char **rlist_to_argv(RList *list, size_t *size) {
	size_t len = r_list_length (list);
	*size = len;
	const char **arr = calloc (len, sizeof (const char *));
	if (!arr) {
		return NULL;
	}
	size_t i = 0;
	RListIter *it;
	void *elem;
	r_list_foreach (list, it, elem) {
		arr[i++] = elem;
	}
	return arr;
}

static R2RProcessOutput *run_r2_test(R2RRunConfig *config, ut64 timeout_ms, int repeat, const char *cmds, RList *files, RList *extra_args, RList *extra_env, bool load_plugins, R2RCmdRunner runner, void *user) {
	RList *args = r_list_new ();
	RList *envvars = r_list_new ();
	RList *envvals = r_list_new ();
	RList *env_dups = r_list_newf (free);

	r_list_append (args, (void *)"-escr.utf8=0");
	r_list_append (args, (void *)"-escr.color=0");
	r_list_append (args, (void *)"-escr.interactive=0");

	if (!load_plugins) {
		r_list_append (args, (void *)"-NN");
	}
	RListIter *it;
	void *extra_arg, *file_arg;
	if (extra_args) {
		r_list_foreach (extra_args, it, extra_arg) {
			r_list_append (args, extra_arg);
		}
	}
	r_list_append (args, (void *)"-Qc");
#if R2__WINDOWS__
	char *wcmds = convert_win_cmds (cmds);
	r_list_append (args, wcmds);
#else
	r_list_append (args, (void *)cmds);
#endif
	r_list_foreach (files, it, file_arg) {
		r_list_append (args, file_arg);
	}

#if R2__WINDOWS__
	r_list_append (envvars, (void *)"ANSICON");
	r_list_append (envvals, (void *)"1");
#endif
	if (!load_plugins) {
		r_list_append (envvars, (void *)"R2_NOPLUGINS");
		r_list_append (envvals, (void *)"1");
	}
	if (extra_env) {
		char *kv;
		r_list_foreach (extra_env, it, kv) {
			char *dup = strdup (kv);
			if (dup) {
				char *equal = strstr (dup, "=");
				if (equal) {
					*equal = 0;
					r_list_append (envvars, (void *)dup);
					r_list_append (envvals, (void *) (equal + 1));
					r_list_append (env_dups, dup);
				} else {
					free (dup);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	size_t args_size, env_size;
	const char **argv = rlist_to_argv (args, &args_size);
	const char **envk = rlist_to_argv (envvars, &env_size);
	const char **envv = rlist_to_argv (envvals, &env_size);

	R2RProcessOutput *out = NULL;
	if (repeat > 1) {
		int rep = repeat;
		while (rep-- > 0) {
			r2r_process_output_free (out);
			out = runner (config->r2_cmd, argv, args_size, envk, envv, env_size, timeout_ms, user);
		}
	} else {
		out = runner (config->r2_cmd, argv, args_size, envk, envv, env_size, timeout_ms, user);
	}

#if R2__WINDOWS__
	free (wcmds);
#endif
	free (argv);
	free (envk);
	free (envv);
	r_list_free (args);
	r_list_free (envvars);
	r_list_free (envvals);
	r_list_free (env_dups);
	return out;
}

R_API R2RProcessOutput *r2r_run_cmd_test(R2RRunConfig *config, R2RCmdTest *test, R2RCmdRunner runner, void *user) {
	RList *extra_args = test->args.value? r_str_split_duplist (test->args.value, " ", true): NULL;
	RList *files = test->file.value? r_str_split_duplist (test->file.value, "\n", true): NULL;
	RListIter *it;
	RListIter *tmpit;
	RList *extra_env = NULL;
	char *token;
	if (extra_args) {
		r_list_foreach_safe (extra_args, it, tmpit, token) {
			if (!*token) {
				r_list_delete (extra_args, it);
			}
		}
	}
	if (!files) {
		files = r_list_newf (free);
		r_list_append (files, strdup ("-"));
	}
	r_list_foreach_safe (files, it, tmpit, token) {
		if (!*token) {
			r_list_delete (files, it);
		}
	}
	if (r_list_empty (files)) {
		if (!files) {
			files = r_list_new ();
		} else {
			files->free = NULL;
		}
		r_list_push (files, "-");
	}
	if (test->env.value) {
		extra_env = r_str_split_duplist (test->env.value, ";", true);
	}
	int repeat = test->repeat.value;
	const ut64 timeout_ms = test->timeout.set? test->timeout.value * 1000: config->timeout_ms;
	R2RProcessOutput *out = run_r2_test (config, timeout_ms, repeat, test->cmds.value, files, extra_args, extra_env, test->load_plugins, runner, user);
	r_list_free (extra_args);
	r_list_free (files);
	r_list_free (extra_env);
	return out;
}

R_API bool r2r_check_cmd_test(R2RProcessOutput *out, R2RCmdTest *test) {
	if (!out || out->ret != 0 || !out->out || !out->err || out->timeout) {
		return false;
	}
	const char *expect_out = test->expect.value;
	if (expect_out && strcmp (out->out, expect_out) != 0) {
		return false;
	}
	const char *expect_err = test->expect_err.value;
	if (expect_err && strcmp (out->err, expect_err) != 0) {
		return false;
	}
	const char *regexp_out = test->regexp_out.value;
	if (regexp_out && !r_regex_match (regexp_out, "e", out->out)) {
		return false;
	}
	const char *regexp_err = test->regexp_err.value;
	if (regexp_err && !r_regex_match (regexp_err, "e", out->err)) {
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

#define JQ_CMD "jq"

R_API bool r2r_check_jq_available(void) {
	const char *args[] = { "." };
	const char *invalid_json = "this is not json lol";
	R2RSubprocess *proc = r2r_subprocess_start (JQ_CMD, args, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);
	if (!proc) {
		R_LOG_ERROR ("Cannot start subprocess");
		return false;
	}
	r2r_subprocess_stdin_write (proc, (const ut8 *)invalid_json, strlen (invalid_json));
	r2r_subprocess_wait (proc, UT64_MAX);
	r_th_lock_enter (proc->lock);
	bool invalid_detected = proc && proc->ret != 0;
	r_th_lock_leave (proc->lock);
	r2r_subprocess_free (proc);
	proc = NULL;

	const char *valid_json = "{\"this is\":\"valid json\",\"lol\":true}";
	bool valid_detected = false;
	proc = r2r_subprocess_start (JQ_CMD, args, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);
	if (proc) {
		r2r_subprocess_stdin_write (proc, (const ut8 *)valid_json, strlen (valid_json));
		r2r_subprocess_wait (proc, UT64_MAX);
		r_th_lock_enter (proc->lock);
		valid_detected = proc->ret == 0;
		r_th_lock_leave (proc->lock);
	}
	r2r_subprocess_free (proc);

	return invalid_detected && valid_detected;
}

R_API bool r2r_check_valgrind_available(void) {
	char *valgrind_bin = r_file_path ("valgrind");
	if (!valgrind_bin) {
		return false;
	}
	free (valgrind_bin);
	return true;
}

R_API R2RProcessOutput *r2r_run_json_test(R2RRunConfig *config, R2RJsonTest *test, R2RCmdRunner runner, void *user) {
	RList *files = r_list_new ();
	r_list_push (files, (void *)config->json_test_file);
	// TODO: config->timeout_ms is already inside config, no need to pass it twice! chk other calls
	R2RProcessOutput *ret = run_r2_test (config, config->timeout_ms, 1, test->cmd, files, NULL, NULL, test->load_plugins, runner, user);
	r_list_free (files);
	return ret;
}

R_API R2RProcessOutput *r2r_run_json_test_nofile(R2RRunConfig *config, R2RJsonTest *test, R2RCmdRunner runner, void *user) {
	RList *files = r_list_new ();
	r_list_push (files, "--");
	// TODO: config->timeout_ms is already inside config, no need to pass it twice! chk other calls
	R2RProcessOutput *ret = run_r2_test (config, config->timeout_ms, 1, test->cmd, files, NULL, NULL, test->load_plugins, runner, user);
	r_list_free (files);
	return ret;
}

static bool r2r_empty_json_check(R2RProcessOutput *out) {
	char *s = r_str_trim_dup (out->out);
	const bool is_not_empty = (R_STR_ISNOTEMPTY (s));
	free (s);
	return is_not_empty;
}

R_API bool r2r_check_json_test(R2RProcessOutput *out, R2RJsonTest *test) {
	if (!out || out->ret != 0 || !out->out || !out->err || out->timeout) {
		return false;
	}
	const char *args[] = { "." };
	bool ret = false;
	if (r2r_empty_json_check (out)) {
		R2RSubprocess *proc = r2r_subprocess_start (JQ_CMD, args, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);
		r2r_subprocess_stdin_write (proc, (const ut8 *)out->out, strlen (out->out));
		r2r_subprocess_wait (proc, UT64_MAX);
		ret = proc->ret == 0;
		r2r_subprocess_free (proc);
	} else {
		eprintf ("\n");
		R_LOG_ERROR ("[XX] Empty json for %s", test->cmd);
	}
	return ret;
}

R_API R2RAsmTestOutput *r2r_run_asm_test(R2RRunConfig *config, R2RAsmTest *test) {
	R2RAsmTestOutput *out = R_NEW0 (R2RAsmTestOutput);
	RList *args = r_list_new ();

	if (test->arch) {
		r_list_append (args, (void *)"-a");
		r_list_append (args, (void *)test->arch);
	}

	if (test->cpu) {
		r_list_append (args, (void *)"-c");
		r_list_append (args, (void *)test->cpu);
	}

	char *bits_str = NULL;
	if (test->bits) {
		bits_str = r_str_newf ("%d", test->bits);
		r_list_append (args, (void *)"-b");
		r_list_append (args, bits_str);
	}

	if (test->mode & R2R_ASM_TEST_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN) {
		r_list_append (args, (void *)"-e");
	}

	char *offset_str = NULL;
	if (test->offset) {
		offset_str = r_str_newf ("0x%" PFMT64x, test->offset);
		r_list_append (args, (void *)"-s");
		r_list_append (args, offset_str);
	}

	size_t args_size;
	if (test->mode & R2R_ASM_TEST_MODE_ASSEMBLE) {
		r_list_append (args, (void *)test->disasm);
		const char **argv = rlist_to_argv (args, &args_size);
		R2RSubprocess *proc = r2r_subprocess_start (config->rasm2_cmd, argv, args_size, NULL, NULL, 0);
		if (!r2r_subprocess_wait (proc, config->timeout_ms)) {
			r2r_subprocess_kill (proc);
			out->as_timeout = true;
		} else if (proc->ret == 0) {
			char *hex = r_strbuf_get (&proc->out);
			size_t hexlen = strlen (hex);
			if (hexlen > 0) {
				ut8 *bytes = malloc (hexlen);
				if (bytes) {
					const int byteslen = r_hex_str2bin (hex, bytes);
					if (byteslen > 0) {
						out->bytes = bytes;
						out->bytes_size = (size_t)byteslen;
					} else {
						free (bytes);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		free (argv);
		r2r_subprocess_free (proc);
		r_list_pop (args);
	}
	if (test->mode & R2R_ASM_TEST_MODE_DISASSEMBLE) {
		if (test->bytes_size > 0) {
			char *hex = r_hex_bin2strdup (test->bytes, test->bytes_size);
			if (hex) {
				r_list_append (args, (void *)"-d");
				r_list_append (args, hex);
				const char **argv = rlist_to_argv (args, &args_size);
				R2RSubprocess *proc = r2r_subprocess_start (config->rasm2_cmd, argv, args_size, NULL, NULL, 0);
				if (!r2r_subprocess_wait (proc, config->timeout_ms)) {
					r2r_subprocess_kill (proc);
					out->disas_timeout = true;
				} else if (proc->ret == 0) {
					char *disasm = r_strbuf_drain_nofree (&proc->out);
					r_str_trim (disasm);
					out->disasm = disasm;
				}
				free (argv);
				r2r_subprocess_free (proc);
				free (hex);
			}
		}
	}

	r_list_free (args);
	free (bits_str);
	free (offset_str);
	return out;
}

R_API bool r2r_check_asm_test(R2RAsmTestOutput *out, R2RAsmTest *test) {
	if (!out) {
		return false;
	}
	if (test->mode & R2R_ASM_TEST_MODE_ASSEMBLE) {
		if (!out->bytes || !test->bytes || out->bytes_size != test->bytes_size || out->as_timeout) {
			return false;
		}
		if (memcmp (out->bytes, test->bytes, test->bytes_size)) {
			return false;
		}
	}
	if (test->mode & R2R_ASM_TEST_MODE_DISASSEMBLE) {
		if (!out->disasm || !test->disasm || out->disas_timeout) {
			return false;
		}
		if (strcmp (out->disasm, test->disasm)) {
			return false;
		}
	}
	return true;
}

R_API void r2r_asm_test_output_free(R2RAsmTestOutput *out) {
	if (out) {
		free (out->disasm);
		free (out->bytes);
		free (out);
	}
}

R_API R2RProcessOutput *r2r_run_fuzz_test(R2RRunConfig *config, const char *file, R2RCmdRunner runner, void *user) {
	const char *cmd = "iH;aaa";
	RList *files = r_list_new ();
	r_list_push (files, (void *)file);
	R2RProcessOutput *ret = run_r2_test (config, config->timeout_ms, 1, cmd, files, NULL, NULL, false, runner, user);
	r_list_free (files);
	return ret;
}

R_API bool r2r_check_fuzz_test(R2RProcessOutput *out) {
	return out && out->ret == 0 && out->out && out->err && !out->timeout;
}

// Parse valgrind LEAK SUMMARY to check for memory leaks
// Returns true if no leaks detected (test passes)
static bool parse_valgrind_leak_summary(const char *valgrind_out) {
	if (!valgrind_out) {
		R_LOG_INFO ("No output from valgrind");
		return false;
	}
	// Find LEAK SUMMARY section
	const char *leak_summary = strstr (valgrind_out, "LEAK SUMMARY:");
	if (!leak_summary) {
		// If no LEAK SUMMARY found, consider it a failure
		leak_summary = strstr (valgrind_out, "HEAP SUMMARY:");
		if (!leak_summary) {
			R_LOG_INFO ("No leak or heap summaries");
			return false;
		}
	}
	// Look for the three leak categories (ignore "still reachable")
	int definitely_lost = 0;
	int indirectly_lost = 0;
	int possibly_lost = 0;
	int atexit_lost = 0;
	// Extract "definitely lost" value
	const char *p = strstr (leak_summary, "definitely lost:");
	if (p) {
		p = r_str_trim_head_ro (p + strlen ("definitely lost:"));
		definitely_lost = r_num_math (NULL, p);
	}
	// Extract "indirectly lost" value
	p = strstr (leak_summary, "in use at exit:");
	if (p) {
		p = r_str_trim_head_ro (p + strlen ("in use at exit: "));
		atexit_lost = atoi (p);
	}
	// Extract "indirectly lost" value
	p = strstr (leak_summary, "indirectly lost:");
	if (p) {
		p = r_str_trim_head_ro (p + strlen ("indirectly lost:"));
		indirectly_lost = r_num_math (NULL, p);
	}
	// Extract "possibly lost" value
	p = strstr (leak_summary, "possibly lost:");
	if (p) {
		p = r_str_trim_head_ro (p + strlen ("possibly lost:"));
		possibly_lost = r_num_math (NULL, p);
	}
	// Test passes only if all three are 0
	return definitely_lost == 0 && indirectly_lost == 0 && possibly_lost == 0 && atexit_lost == 0;
}

#if __linux__
// Run r2 test wrapped with valgrind
// Similar to run_r2_test but wraps the command with valgrind
static R2RProcessOutput *run_r2_test_with_valgrind(R2RRunConfig *config, ut64 timeout_ms, int repeat, const char *cmds, RList *files, RList *extra_args, RList *extra_env, bool load_plugins, R2RCmdRunner runner, void *user) {
	RList *args = r_list_new ();
	RList *envvars = r_list_new ();
	RList *envvals = r_list_new ();
	RList *env_dups = r_list_newf (free);
	// Add valgrind arguments
	r_list_append (args, (void *)"--leak-check=full");
	r_list_append (args, (void *)"-s");
	r_list_append (args, (void *)"--show-leak-kinds=all");
#if 0
	r_list_append (args, (void *)"--track-origins=yes");
#endif
	r_list_append (args, (void *)config->r2_cmd);
#if 0
	r_list_append (args, (void *)"-escr.utf8=0");
	r_list_append (args, (void *)"-escr.color=0");
	r_list_append (args, (void *)"-escr.interactive=0");
#endif
	if (!load_plugins) {
		r_list_append (args, (void *)"-NN");
	}
	RListIter *it;
	void *extra_arg, *file_arg;
	if (extra_args) {
		r_list_foreach (extra_args, it, extra_arg) {
			r_list_append (args, extra_arg);
		}
	}
	// THIS FLAG LEAKS r_list_append (args, (void *)"-Qc");
	r_list_append (args, (void *)"-qc");
#if R2__WINDOWS__
	char *wcmds = convert_win_cmds (cmds);
	r_list_append (args, wcmds);
#else
	r_list_append (args, (void *)cmds);
#endif
	r_list_foreach (files, it, file_arg) {
		r_list_append (args, file_arg);
	}
#if R2__WINDOWS__
	r_list_append (envvars, (void *)"ANSICON");
	r_list_append (envvals, (void *)"1");
#endif
	if (!load_plugins) {
		r_list_append (envvars, (void *)"R2_NOPLUGINS");
		r_list_append (envvals, (void *)"1");
	}
	if (extra_env) {
		char *kv;
		r_list_foreach (extra_env, it, kv) {
			char *dup = strdup (kv);
			if (dup) {
				char *equal = strstr (dup, "=");
				if (equal) {
					*equal = 0;
					r_list_append (envvars, (void *)dup);
					r_list_append (envvals, (void *) (equal + 1));
					r_list_append (env_dups, dup);
				} else {
					free (dup);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	size_t args_size, env_size;
	const char **argv = rlist_to_argv (args, &args_size);
	const char **envk = rlist_to_argv (envvars, &env_size);
	const char **envv = rlist_to_argv (envvals, &env_size);

	// Run valgrind instead of radare2 directly
	R2RProcessOutput *out = runner ("valgrind", argv, args_size, envk, envv, env_size, timeout_ms, user);

#if R2__WINDOWS__
	free (wcmds);
#endif
	free (argv);
	free (envk);
	free (envv);
	r_list_free (args);
	r_list_free (envvars);
	r_list_free (envvals);
	r_list_free (env_dups);
	return out;
}
#endif

// Run a leak test with valgrind
// Returns process output with valgrind output in stdout/stderr
R_API R2RProcessOutput *r2r_run_leak_test(R2RRunConfig *config, R2RCmdTest *test, R2RCmdRunner runner, void *user) {
#if __linux__
	// Check if valgrind is available and we run only this stuff in linux
	char *valgrind_bin = r_file_path ("valgrind");
	if (!valgrind_bin) {
		R2RProcessOutput *out = R_NEW0 (R2RProcessOutput);
		out->ret = 1;
		out->out = strdup ("valgrind not found");
		out->err = strdup ("");
		return out;
	}
	free (valgrind_bin);

	// Run the test with valgrind --leak-check=full
	// We need to build a valgrind command with the same args as the normal cmd test
	RList *extra_args = test->args.value? r_str_split_duplist (test->args.value, " ", true): NULL;
	RList *files = test->file.value? r_str_split_duplist (test->file.value, "\n", true): NULL;
	RListIter *it;
	RListIter *tmpit;
	RList *extra_env = NULL;
	char *token;

	if (extra_args) {
		r_list_foreach_safe (extra_args, it, tmpit, token) {
			if (!*token) {
				r_list_delete (extra_args, it);
			}
		}
	}
	if (!files) {
		files = r_list_newf (free);
		r_list_append (files, strdup ("-"));
	}
	r_list_foreach_safe (files, it, tmpit, token) {
		if (!*token) {
			r_list_delete (files, it);
		}
	}
	if (r_list_empty (files)) {
		files->free = NULL;
		r_list_push (files, "-");
	}
	if (test->env.value) {
		extra_env = r_str_split_duplist (test->env.value, ";", true);
	}

	const ut64 timeout_ms = test->timeout.set? test->timeout.value * 1000: config->timeout_ms;

	// Run with valgrind wrapping
	R2RProcessOutput *out = run_r2_test_with_valgrind (config, timeout_ms, 1, test->cmds.value, files, extra_args, extra_env, test->load_plugins, runner, user);

	r_list_free (extra_args);
	r_list_free (files);
	r_list_free (extra_env);
	return out;
#else
	R2RProcessOutput *out = R_NEW0 (R2RProcessOutput);
	out->ret = 1;
	out->out = strdup ("Leak tests only run on Linux");
	out->err = strdup ("");
	return out;
#endif
}

// Check if a leak test passed (no memory leaks)
R_API bool r2r_check_leak_test(R2RProcessOutput *out, R2RCmdTest *test) {
	if (!out) {
		return false;
	}

	// Combine stdout and stderr for leak checking
	RStrBuf *combined = r_strbuf_new (NULL);
	if (out->out) {
		r_strbuf_append (combined, out->out);
	}
	if (out->err) {
		r_strbuf_append (combined, out->err);
	}
	char *full_output = r_strbuf_drain (combined);

	// Check for leaks in valgrind output
	bool leak_check = parse_valgrind_leak_summary (full_output);
	free (full_output);

	if (!leak_check) {
		return false;
	}

	// Also check normal cmd test expectations (EXPECT, EXPECT_ERR, etc)
	// For leak tests run with valgrind:
	// - out->out contains the actual program's stdout
	// - out->err contains valgrind's diagnostic output (with ==PID== lines)
	const char *expect_out = test->expect.value;
	const char *expect_err = test->expect_err.value;
	const char *regexp_out = test->regexp_out.value;
	const char *regexp_err = test->regexp_err.value;

	// Check EXPECT output (actual program output, not valgrind diagnostics)
	if (expect_out && out->out && strcmp (out->out, expect_out) != 0) {
		return false;
	}

	// Check EXPECT_ERR (for leak tests, stderr is valgrind output, not checked by default)
	if (expect_err && out->err && strcmp (out->err, expect_err) != 0) {
		return false;
	}

	// Check REGEXP_OUT
	if (regexp_out && out->out && !r_regex_match (regexp_out, "e", out->out)) {
		return false;
	}

	// Check REGEXP_ERR
	if (regexp_err && out->err && !r_regex_match (regexp_err, "e", out->err)) {
		return false;
	}
	return !out->timeout;
}

R_API char *r2r_test_name(R2RTest *test) {
	switch (test->type) {
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_CMD:
		if (test->cmd_test->name.value) {
			return strdup (test->cmd_test->name.value);
		}
		return strdup ("<unnamed>");
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_ASM:
		return r_str_newf ("<asm> %s", r_str_get (test->asm_test->disasm));
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_JSON:
		return r_str_newf ("<json> %s", r_str_get (test->json_test->cmd));
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_FUZZ:
		return r_str_newf ("done"); // <fuzz> %s", shortpath (test->path));
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_LEAK:
		if (test->cmd_test->name.value) {
			return r_str_newf ("<leak> %s", test->cmd_test->name.value);
		}
		return strdup ("<leak> <unnamed>");
	}
	return NULL;
}

R_API bool r2r_test_broken(R2RTest *test) {
	switch (test->type) {
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_CMD:
		return test->cmd_test->broken.value;
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_ASM:
		return test->asm_test->mode & R2R_ASM_TEST_MODE_BROKEN? true: false;
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_JSON:
		return test->json_test->broken;
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_FUZZ:
		return false;
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_LEAK:
		return test->cmd_test->broken.value;
	}
	return false;
}

static bool require_check(const char *require) {
	if (R_STR_ISEMPTY (require)) {
		return true;
	}
	bool res = true;
	if (strstr (require, "gas")) {
		char *as_bin = r_file_path ("as");
		res &= (bool)as_bin;
		free (as_bin);
	}
	if (strstr (require, "unix")) {
#if R2__UNIX__
		res &= true;
#else
		res = false;
#endif
	}
	if (strstr (require, "windows")) {
#if R2__WINDOWS__
		res &= true;
#else
		res = false;
#endif
	}
	if (strstr (require, "linux")) {
#if __linux__
		res &= true;
#else
		res = false;
#endif
	}
	if (strstr (require, "arm")) {
#if __arm64__ || __arm__
		res &= true;
#else
		res &= false;
#endif
	}
	if (strstr (require, "x86")) {
#if __i386__ || __x86_64__
		res &= true;
#else
		res &= false;
#endif
	}
	if (strstr (require, "little")) {
#if R_SYS_ENDIAN == 0
		res &= true;
#else
		res &= false;
#endif
	}
	if (strstr (require, "gpl")) {
#if WITH_GPL
		res &= true;
#else
		res &= false;
#endif
	}
	return res;
}

// Check cmd/leak test compatibility and early skip conditions
static bool check_cmd_test_skip(R2RCmdTest *cmd_test) {
	const char *require = cmd_test->require.value;
	if (!require_check (require)) {
		R_LOG_WARN ("Skipping because of %s", require);
		return true;
	}
#if R2R_ASAN
	if (cmd_test->skiponasan.value) {
		R_LOG_WARN ("Skipping test because of SKIPONASAN");
		return true;
	}
#endif
#if WANT_V35 == 0
	if (cmd_test->args.value && strstr (cmd_test->args.value, "arm.v35")) {
		R_LOG_WARN ("Skipping test because it requires arm.v35");
		return true;
	}
#endif
	return false;
}

R_API R2RTestResultInfo *r2r_run_test(R2RRunConfig *config, R2RTest *test) {
	R2RTestResultInfo *ret = R_NEW0 (R2RTestResultInfo);
	if (!ret) {
		return NULL;
	}
	ret->test = test;
	bool success = false;
	ut64 start_time = r_time_now_mono ();
	switch (test->type) {
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_CMD:
		if (config->skip_cmd) {
			success = true;
			ret->run_failed = false;
		} else {
			R2RCmdTest *cmd_test = test->cmd_test;
			if (check_cmd_test_skip (cmd_test)) {
				success = true;
				ret->run_failed = false;
#if R2R_ASAN
				if (cmd_test->skiponasan.value) {
					ret->run_skipped = true;
				}
#endif
				break;
			}
			R2RProcessOutput *out = r2r_run_cmd_test (config, cmd_test, subprocess_runner, NULL);
			success = r2r_check_cmd_test (out, cmd_test);
			ret->proc_out = out;
			ret->timeout = out? out->timeout: false;
			ret->run_failed = !out;
		}
		break;
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_ASM:
		if (config->skip_asm) {
			success = true;
			ret->run_failed = false;
		} else {
			R2RAsmTest *at = test->asm_test;
			R2RAsmTestOutput *out = r2r_run_asm_test (config, at);
			success = r2r_check_asm_test (out, at);
			const bool is_broken = at->mode & R2R_ASM_TEST_MODE_BROKEN;
			if (!success && !is_broken) {
				if (at->bytes_size < 1 || out->bytes_size < 1) {
					eprintf ("\n" Color_RED "- %s" Color_RESET " # bytes_size = %d\n", at->disasm, (int)at->bytes_size);
					eprintf (Color_GREEN "+ %s" Color_RESET " # bytes_size = %d\n", out->disasm, (int)out->bytes_size);
				} else {
					char *b0 = r_hex_bin2strdup (at->bytes, at->bytes_size);
					char *b1 = r_hex_bin2strdup (out->bytes, out->bytes_size);
					eprintf ("\n" Color_RED "- %s" Color_RESET " # %s\n", at->disasm, b0);
					eprintf (Color_GREEN "+ %s" Color_RESET " # %s\n", out->disasm, b1);
					free (b0);
					free (b1);
				}
			}
			// TODO: show more details of the failed assembled instruction
			ret->asm_out = out;
			ret->timeout = out->as_timeout || out->disas_timeout;
			ret->run_failed = !out;
		}
		break;
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_JSON:
		if (config->skip_json) {
			success = true;
			ret->run_failed = false;
		} else {
			R2RJsonTest *json_test = test->json_test;
			R2RProcessOutput *out = r2r_run_json_test (config, json_test, subprocess_runner, NULL);
			success = r2r_check_json_test (out, json_test);
			if (strchr (json_test->cmd, '@')) {
				// ignore json tests with @ when running r2 with no files
			} else {
				// test output of commands when no file is provided
				r2r_process_output_free (out);
				out = r2r_run_json_test_nofile (config, json_test, subprocess_runner, NULL);
				if (!r2r_check_json_test (out, json_test)) {
					success = false;
				}
			}
			ret->proc_out = out;
			ret->timeout = out? out->timeout: false;
			ret->run_failed = !out;
		}
		break;
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_FUZZ:
		if (config->skip_fuzz) {
			success = true;
			ret->run_failed = false;
		} else {
			R2RProcessOutput *out = r2r_run_fuzz_test (config, test->path, subprocess_runner, NULL);
			success = r2r_check_fuzz_test (out);
			ret->proc_out = out;
			ret->timeout = out? out->timeout: false;
			ret->run_failed = !out;
		}
		break;
	case R2R_TEST_TYPE_LEAK:
		if (config->skip_leak) {
			success = true;
			ret->run_failed = false;
		} else {
			R2RCmdTest *cmd_test = test->cmd_test;
			if (check_cmd_test_skip (cmd_test)) {
				success = true;
				ret->run_failed = false;
#if R2R_ASAN
				if (cmd_test->skiponasan.value) {
					ret->run_skipped = true;
				}
#endif
				break;
			}
			R2RProcessOutput *out = r2r_run_leak_test (config, cmd_test, subprocess_runner, NULL);
			success = r2r_check_leak_test (out, cmd_test);
			ret->proc_out = out;
			ret->timeout = out? out->timeout: false;
			ret->run_failed = !out;
		}
		break;
	}
	ret->time_elapsed = r_time_now_mono () - start_time;
	bool broken = r2r_test_broken (test);
	if (success) {
		ret->result = broken? R2R_TEST_RESULT_FIXED: R2R_TEST_RESULT_OK;
	} else {
		ret->result = broken? R2R_TEST_RESULT_BROKEN: R2R_TEST_RESULT_FAILED;
	}
	return ret;
}

R_API void r2r_test_result_info_free(R2RTestResultInfo *result) {
	if (result && result->test) {
		switch (result->test->type) {
		case R2R_TEST_TYPE_CMD:
		case R2R_TEST_TYPE_JSON:
		case R2R_TEST_TYPE_FUZZ:
		case R2R_TEST_TYPE_LEAK:
			r2r_process_output_free (result->proc_out);
			break;
		case R2R_TEST_TYPE_ASM:
			r2r_asm_test_output_free (result->asm_out);
			break;
		}
	}
	free (result);
}